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American Conquest (2003)
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| 03.02.2009, 18:51 |
Название (англ): American Conquest
Год выхода: 2003
Жанр: RTS
О чем: In the year 1492, you travel to America as Christopher Columbus and light the spark that will kindle 300 years of heated battles for land, riches and freedom. In eight historical campaigns spanning 42 missions, you will play the part of great legends such as Pizarro and Washington and will delve into epic real-time battles with use of up to 16,000 soldiers on 3D landscapes. Utilise new technologies, unique weaponry, improved fighting units and the dangerous world of diplomacy. Play with fire! Conquer America!
• Epic real-time strategy with historical background
• Captivating real-time mayhems with up to 16,000 units
• Era between 1492 and 1813
• 42 versatile missions in 8 thrilling campaigns e.g. Pizarro's Expedition, the War of Tecumseh, the Seven Years War, the American War of Independence
• 6 historical battles in multiplayer mode
• 9 separate single player missions
• 12 different nations and tribes: Spain, England, France, Aztecs, Incas, Mayas, Sioux, Delaware, Huron, Iroquois League, Pueblos, USA
• 100 different units and 106 buildings
• Tactical formations for infantry, cavalry and artillery using officers, drummers and standard bearers
• Realistic artillery with gunner squadrons from transporting and loading cannon up to the effects of detonating cannon balls
• Fight morale is influenced by victories, defeats, food supplies, equipment and mercenary pay
• Apart from wide range attacks, all shooting units can fight with swords and knives (Cold Steel Attack)
• All buildings can be attacked, occupied and defended by troops
• Fortresses, forts and log cabins provide defensive advantages; units can also be accommodated and trained there
• Map Scaling: Pressing a single key gives an extensive overview of the fighting action through a special zoom perspective
• Huge maps (30x20 screens, 1024x768 pixels) and fascinating landscapes in four different climatic zones
• Detailed animation of all movements such as loading weapons, etc.
• Intricate diplomacy system, you can obtain warriors and raw materials for reasonable prices through e.g. an alliance with a neutral tribe
• Natural environment can be used strategically: caves as hiding places or ambush starting points, hills extend the shooting range
• Multiplayer mode for up to 7 players via LAN or Internet: Deathmatch, historical battles, automatic championship system and global rating system, War For America
• Detailed random maps in various sizes and with manifold settings for unlimited gaming fun
• Distinctly improved AI
Sioux:
In the central part of North America there lie the Great Plains - an enormous area from Saskatchewan river to the river of Rio Grande in the south, from Mississippi in the east to the Rocky mountains in the west. Prairies, the eastern part of these plains, are high-grass lowlands, abundant in fertile soils and wild animals. Those boundless spaces used to be roamed by millions of bison. In the early XVIIIth century it were these lands of plenty that nomad Sioux tribes settled in. Once settled, Sioux began splitting up. Eastern Sioux, Dakota, divided into four tribes: Sisseton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute and Mdewakanton and got generally called - Santi. Further to the east there went central Sioux - Nakota. A tribe of Assiniboine split from them and went to the northern part of Montana. The furthest westwards came Lakota or Teton Sioux people.
They reached the black hills. Resettlement process was sped up with the introduction of horses. The life of prairie Natives was much dependent on bison. They provided meat for nourishment and skins for clothing and dwelling production. Men were mainly in charge of hunting, while women ran the household.
A well-off man could have several wives. A few big families joined into a nomad group, which could split-up in winter, and expand greatly during group hunting in summer. Sometimes there even gathered the entire tribe.
At the head of a tribe there stood a chief or a council of chiefs, advised by military union leaders. The most common dwelling by the Natives was tepee, a tent of bison skins. Tepees were dismantled for transportation to a new place. First tepees were small, for they were transported on dogs. As horses got commonly used, the size of tepee grew.
First Europeans to have turned up in the Great Plains were Spaniards, an expedition under command of Cabeza de Vaca. After Spaniards, the English and French came. Furs buyers started establishing contacts with Native tribes. In exchange for furs they supplied weapons, kettles, saddles, cloths, mirrors, beads and much more. Owing to European traders there formed the steppe Native culture we are all used to. Horses, tomahawks, fire guns have firmly settled into the life of Native Americans.
Basic confrontations with Europeans at Great Plains and European conquering of these territories fell for the XIXth century, and before that time European colonists intruded into the life of Native tribes episodically only.
Pueblo:
The Pueblo tribe lived in the south-west of the North American continent and until the 19th century had virtually no contact with Europeans. This allowed the Pueblos to preserve their original culture, which had undergone little or no changes throughout the last six to eight centuries. The Pueblo people cultivated the land and built complex irrigational systems, mainly to grow corn. Apart from corn, the Pueblos grew pumpkins, chili peppers, salad, beans and tobacco. Unlike other Native Americans, the Pueblos used potter's wheels and produced marvelous pottery. Women played a significant role in the social life of the Pueblo tribe. Until the arrival of the Europeans, they lived in a matriarchy, and the woman was regarded as the head of a family.
The architecture of the Pueblos is very interesting, their buildings reminiscent of honeycombs, growing together to form one large structure several stories high with blinding white walls. Thus, a pueblo settlement was actually more like one big house. Religious rites were performed either on a plaza or in a special building called a kiva. Women and youths were not permitted to enter the kiva, though women constructed the building. To make it more difficult to enter, the entrance to a kiva was located on the roof. Therefore a stepladder was needed to enter. Unlike other buildings, which were rectangular in shape, the kiva was round.
Iroquois:
Before Columbus discovered America, the Iroquois occupied parts of the territory of the present-day USA: the US states of Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, the area around the Great Lakes of Ontario and Erie, the banks of the Saint Laurence river. The Iroquois primarily concentrated on cultivating the land. They grew corn, beans, tobacco, sunflowers and pumpkins, and collected wild rice from the Lakes. They also hunted deer, moose, otters and beavers, and used their skins to make clothes. The Iroquoian tribes were united in a confederacy known as the Iroquois League. The League tribes included the Cayuga, Mohawks, Onondagas, Oneidas and Seneca. The idea of forming this union is ascribed to Deganawidah, a spiritual leader venerated by the Iroquois tribe. Hiawatha, the Onondaga chieftain glorified in Longfellow's poems, was able to unite the tribes.
In 1722, this union was joined by the Tuscarora people from the south. The union of six tribes was quite a considerable force, able to dictate its conditions to the rest of the peoples of the Great Lakes. The Iroquois forced the neighboring tribes to pay them tribute. The Hurons, however, resisted. They warred against the Iroquois, but suffered a defeat. Within the framework of the confederacy each of the tribes was independent, while the questions of union rule were in the hands of the League's council, which consisted of 50 representatives from various tribes. The supervision was also in the hands of two equally powered commanders, though representatives of each tribe had the right to veto their decisions. The Iroquois lived in longhouses. Residents of such a house were the smallest social unit of Iroquoian society. The eldest woman stood at the head of a family living in a longhouse. If the house's representative to the League council died, she would elect a new representative from among the men in the house. Several houses made up a native lineage. Three to eight lineages formed a tribe. A similar structure was peculiar to many North American people, but not many of them succeeded in creating a confederacy like the Iroquois.
Maya:
The Mayan culture is one of the highest of pre-Columbian America. In fact, the name "Maya" was actually Columbus' invention, analogous to the expression "Indian". It refers to the residents of the Yucatan peninsula, and was heard to be spoken among the native traders. The name of the peninsula Yucatan is an adaptation of "siou-tan" which, in the language of the natives, meant "I do not understand you". This was the answer of the native traders to the European explorers' questions. The Mayas lived in the Cordilleras, a mountainous region of Central America, and in the tropical lowlands of Peten, now the territories of Guatemala and Honduras. The Mayan civilization appeared long before the beginning of the Christian calendar and developed rather independently. Mayan society was very similar to that of the ancient Greeks in structure.
The country was made up of city states. At the head of a state stood a ruler, a "halac uinic" (a great man). His power was unlimited and lasted a lifetime. A council made up of the richest citizens and called a "kuc kabob" helped him make important decisions. They also controlled the performance of the ruler's orders. "Batabs" were in charge of the settlements belonging to a city-state. Their post was also hereditary. In case of war, they would lead the troops recruited in their village.
Officials - "ah kulebobs" and "ah kholops" - helped the batabs to govern the village. Nobles lived in stone palaces in the heart of a city surrounded by walls. Workers and craftsmen resided on the outskirts in hovels covered with palm leaves. The major part of the population was preoccupied with growing and treating corn. Apart from corn, the Mayas also cultivated cotton, beans, tobacco and cacao, hunted wild rabbits, caught lizards and armadillos. Sometimes they also kept turkeys or ducks. Apart from free workers there were also slaves in Mayan states, most of them prisoners of war. The Mayan people reached great achievementsin the field of science. Their discoveries in mathematics are quite extraordinary: They discovered zero a thousand years before the Old World, and were the first to apply the system of figure positions when recording big numbers; they introduced a numerical system rather like ours, but based on the number twenty. Astronomy and writing were also developed in the Mayan state.
The basic territory inhabited by the Mayas was the area along the Usumacinta river. Here the great cities of Copan, Tikal, Quirigua, Palenque, Yaxchilan,Uaxactun and many more were located. The most important among these cities is the city of Chichen Itza, founded approximately around the year 495 and named after the Itza people. These were beautiful cities with palaces and pyramids. But, for unknown reasons, by the 10th century these cities had fallen into decay. In 987, Chichen Itza was conquered by the Toltec tribe. The conquerors set up the two new city-states of Mayapan and Uxmal, which subsequently unitedto form the Mayapan league. But by the year 1194 the internal opposition between the cities had led to war. Hunac Ceel of the Kokom dynasty assaulted Chichen Itza and captured it. He united the entire Yucatan peninsula under his rule. The Kokom reign lasted 250 years, but in 1441 a rebellion flared up against them and the capital of Mayapan was destroyed. That event was followed by the division of the Mayan state into 18 independent states.
It was in 1511 that the first Europeans reached Yucatan. These were Spaniards under the command of captain Valdivia. He was on his way to deliver a message to the governor of Espanola, informing him of the riots in Darien, as well as 20,000 pesos for the king. But the Spanish caravel never reached its destination. It sank after running aground in the shallows of Snake River. Twenty sailors managed to survive in a boat, and after thirty days of traveling reached the shore of Yucatan. The locals captured the survivors and four of them, including Valdivia, were sacrificed and subsequently eaten. Five surviving Spaniards fled from captivity and after many long days of traveling two of them finally reached the Spanish domain. In 1517, a new expedition under the command of Francisco de Cordova disembarked at Yucatan. Numerous clashes between the Spanish and Mayas took place, but neither Cortes, nor Cordova could entirely conquer Yucatan. This was achieved by the relentless and cunning Don Francisco de Montejo. It was he who introduced the custom of feeding dogs with the flesh of killed natives. In 1542 his son, who had the same name, founded Merida, the first European city in the area, to replace the Mayan city of Tihoo. In 1546 he defeated the last opposing Mayas in Yucatan.
Spain:
In the 15th century Spain expands, grows stronger and gains political authority. On August 3, 1492, Christopher Columbus sets sail from Palos with three small sailing heading west. As a result of his voyage, Columbus discovers a new continent! Themost striking thing about the expedition is that Columbus had no intention to find new lands. He searched a new way to an affluent India from where he was supposed to deliver lots of gold, silver, spices and slaves for his masters. This would justify significant funds allocated to him. For example, Queen of Spain Isabella had to pawn her diamond crown to cover the undertaking.
Now, the discovery of America opens immense possibilities for development. Rivers of gold and silver start to flow to Spain, making it the biggest colonial power. Spain possesses vast territories in northern Europe and exploits them mercilessly. However, it does not last long. The uprising breaks out in the Netherlands. Significant Spanish forces under duke Alba are dispatched to suppress the revolt, where they are successfully opposed by well-trained Dutch troops. England, British pirates in particular, harass Spanish ships, ransack coastal towns and merchant ships. Thus, for example, Francis Drake on his galleon "Golden Hind" plunders Lima on February 13, 1579, capturing 12 Spanish ships and lots of treasures. On March 1, he attacks and captures a well-armed Spanish galleon, which carries 26 tons of silver, 80 pounds of gold, 13 chests with money and adornments to the sum of 200,000 pound sterling. For this campaign Drake is appointed a vice-admiral of the British fleet and dubbed. All efforts of Spain to punish the pirates are futile. To remove the sea adversary, Spain sends a huge armada towards England. However, it is heavily battered on the way by a storm and finally finished off by the British fleet. That is the end of the Spanish rule at sea. At the same time, Spain starts losing it's power in the New World. England and France join the struggle for the American Continent.
Aztecs:
A small region surrounding the Mexican lakes, especially the territory of the central Texcoco lake, attracted Native American tribes with its fertile lands for ages. Before the arrival of the Aztecs, there were dozens of towns and villages here. The Aztecs came from the north in the 13th century. They called themselves "Mexicas" in memory of their leader Mexitli, who ruled them at the time of their settlement. The name "Aztec" derives from the name of their legendary former home Aztlan. Under the reign of their glorious chief the Aztecs moved, taking long stops, sometimes up to several years, until finally settling on the banks of Texcoco, on the Chapultepec (or "grasshopper") hill. At that time chief Tenoc was at the head of the tribe. The tribes which had previously dwelt in the area decided to drive out the unwelcome guests. A nightly assault on the Aztec camp was planned, but that plan was revealed in time and the Aztecs fled on ferries and canoes to the center of the lake.
Afterwards it became extremely dangerous to land on the shore, and this brought a new question for the Aztecs: Should they die on the shore or learn to live on the water? They discovered a small island in the center of the lake, where they founded their new settlement: Tenochtitlan. The Aztecs lived on fish, crawfish and waterfowl, and procured land on which to sow seeds from the bottom of the lake. Everything else, including stone, wood, and drinking water (the water of lake Texcoco being salty) they bought from their more fortunate neighbors. This could not last long, however. Feudal wars resulted in the Aztecs' subjugating some of their offenders and becoming one of the most powerful tribes in the Mexican valley. In the 1430s a military confederacy developed with the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan at its head. The affairs of the confederacy were in the hands of the high council, which included the rulers of three main cities. The main produce cultivated by the Mexicas was corn, but they also grew agaves, beans, pepper, tomatoes and tobacco. The conquered territories provided cacao for the Aztecs. Thus, we owe the introduction of chocolate, which is so popular today, to the Aztecs.The sap of the agave leaf enabled the Aztecs to produce a remarkably strong beverage very much like vodka.
USA:
The Colonization of the US territory started at the Atlantic coast. In 1587, the first English colony in the future state of Virginia was set up. A considerable role in the English colonizing of North America was played by English radical sectarianism, as many colonists had left the motherland to escape religious persecution. In 1620, "father-pilgrims" established the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts. Along with the English, the Dutch and French colonized the lands, but the English pursued these colonies as well as the unclaimed land. The 1664 British conquest of the Dutch colonies, New Netherlands, caused the renaming of New Amsterdam to New York. The Dutch gave up their colonies to the British in the Westminster truce of 1674. The English then formed three major groups of colonies in America: New England, established in the northeast, specialized in tilling, hunting and trade, Virginia, established in the southern coastal region, grew rice, tobacco, cotton and other subtropical crops, and Pennsylvania, situated between them, colonized by the Quakers and representing a transitional stage.
One of the Quakers' prominent representatives, banker William Penny, inherited the possession rights to the colony, and named it after himself. Religious tolerance was established to attract new settlers. Colonists had to hold on against the fierce fight with the French, who had captured Canada and the basin of the Mississippi river, Louisiana. The British colonies in America soon began to flex their political independence. As early as in the first half of the 1600's, many colonies attained the right to elect representatives into assemblies, which subsequently grew to regular rule, and the representatives of the central power were dependent on colonists. Attempts of the English king to restrict the colony independence yielded no result. In the 1700's, Britain decided to prohibit development of a number of industries in colonies and force them to trade exclusively with the motherland. They imposed an array of taxes and duties. These actions led the colonies to unite and rebel against the parent state. In 1776, the Continental Congress declared the independence of the USA. The Britons were defeated and forced to acknowledge the independence of the American colonies. In 1787, the colonists established the Union's Constitution. After the victory over Britain, the US industry developed dynamically and colonization spread. The US took the Allegheny Mountains from Native tribes, purchased Louisiana from France in 1803, and Florida from Spain in 1819.
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